Welding defects can be classified into several types

 

Welding defects can be classified into several types, including:

1. *Porosity*: Gas bubbles or pores in the weld metal.

2. *Slag inclusions*: Trapped slag or non-metallic particles in the weld.

3. *Lack of fusion*: Insufficient melting or bonding between the weld metal and the base metal.

4. *Lack of penetration*: Inadequate depth of weld penetration.

5. *Undercutting*: Groove or depression at the edge of the weld.

6. *Overlap*: Excess metal overlapping the base metal.

7. *Cracks*: Fractures in the weld metal or heat-affected zone.

8. *Distortion*: Warping or deformation of the welded structure.

These defects can be caused by various factors, such as:

- *Improper welding technique*

- *Inadequate joint preparation*

- *Incorrect welding parameters* (e.g., current, voltage, speed)

- *Poor material quality*

- *Inadequate shielding or gas coverage*