A small wind electric system will work for you if:
A small wind electric system will work for you if:
• There is enough wind where you live
• Tall towers are allowed in your neighborhood or rural area• You have enough space
• You can determine how much electricity you need or want to produce
• It works for you economically.
How Do Wind Turbines Work?
Wind is created by the unequal heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun.Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical power that runs a generator to produce clean electricity. Today’s turbines are versatile modular sources of electricity. Their blades are aerodynamically designed to capture the maximum energy from the wind. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft connected to a generator that makes electricity.
the ambient noise level of most modern residential wind turbines is around 52 to 55 decibels.
The smaller or “micro” (20- to 500-watt) turbines are used in a variety of applications such
as charging batteries for recreational vehicles and sailboats.
as charging batteries for recreational vehicles and sailboats.
One- to 10-kW turbines can be used in applications such as pumping water
A typical home uses approximately 10,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per year (about 830 kWh per month). Depending on the average wind speed in the area, a wind turbine rated in the range of 5 to 15 kW would be required to make a significant contribution to this demand. A 1.5- kW wind turbine will meet the needs of a home requiring 300 kWh per month in a location with a 14- mile-per-hour (6.26-meters-per-second) annual average wind speed.
Automatic overspeed-governing systems to keep the rotor from spinning out of control in very high winds.
The amount of power a turbine will produce is determined primarily by the diameter of its rotor. The diameter of the rotor defines its “swept area,” or the quantity of wind intercepted by the turbine.
A general rule of thumb is to install a wind turbine on a tower with the bottom of the rotor blades at least 30 feet (9 meters) above any obstacle that is within 300 feet (90 meters) of the tower.
to raise a 10-kW generator from a 60-foot tower height to a 100-foot tower involves a 10%
increase in overall system cost, but it can produce 29% more power.
increase in overall system cost, but it can produce 29% more power.
Price Reporting Agencies
Majorly there were four Price Reporting Agencies (PRA) in the World namely
· Platts,
· Argus Media,
· Asia Petroleum Price Index (APPI), and
· ICIS London Oil Report
|
Price Reporting Agencies (PRA) |
Methods of reporting data |
|
ICIS London Oil Report |
subjective approach based on the first-hand extensive trading experience of its reporters |
|
APPI |
mechanical approach based on data submitted in writing to an accounting firm by a panel of traders |
|
Platts |
combination of mechanistic analysis and judgement |
|
Argus Media |
combination of mechanistic analysis and judgement |
Averaged over lengthy time periods, the differences among prices reported by different PRAs for the same crude oil grade is usually substantially less than $1.00/bbl.
In the case of the key benchmark grade of “Dated Brent” this difference is about $0.01/bbl.
In the case of other benchmarks, such as Dubai and Tapis, the differences over time can be more substantial.
ICIS which employs the ICE one-minute marker directly for the purpose of establishing its 21-Day BFOE assessment
Platts prices are perceived to be firmly entrenched in the contractual fabric of the industry and it and has the largest customer base followed by Argus. There is considerable inertia in the industry that sees even companies that are highly critical of Platts and its methodologies continuing to use it as a price reference source in their deals.
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