Typical cryogenic air separation process look like


 

1 Air compression

* Compression of ambient air by a multi-stage turbo compressor with

intercoolers at a supply pressure of approx. 6 bar.

* Removal of dust particles by a mechanical air filter at the inlet of the compressor. 2

Air cooling and purification

* Cooling of process air with water in a direct contact cooler and removal of water-soluble air impurities.

* Chilling of cooling water in an evaporation cooler against dry nitrogen waste gas from the rectification process.

* Removal of CO, water and hydrocarbons from the process air in periodically loaded/regenerated molecular sieve adsorbers.

3 Cold production and internal product compression

* Cooling of process air in heat exchangers down to nearly liquefaction temperature by means of counter current with gas streams from the rectification process.

* Further compression of a side stream of process air by an air booster compressor. Expansion and cold production of the boosted air stream in an expansion turbine.

* Expansion and liquefaction of a side stream of the boosted air in a liquid separator.

* Evaporation and warming to ambient temperature of the pumped oxygen and nitrogen product in high-pressure heat exchangers.

 Cryogenic rectification of air

* Pre-separation of the cooled and liquefied air within the pressure column into oxygen-enriched liquid in the column sump and pure nitrogen gas at the column top.

* Liquefaction of the pure nitrogen gas in the condenser/reboiler against boiling oxygen in the sump of the low-pressure column. Liquefied nitrogen provides the reflux for the pressure column and (after sub-cooling) for the low-pressure column.

* Different types of condenser are described in detail on page 16.

* Further separation of the oxygen-enriched liquid within the low pressure column into pure oxygen in the sump and nitrogen waste gas at the top.

 

5 Cryogenic rectification of argon

* Argon-enriched gas from the low-pressure column is transformed into oxygen-free crude argon by means of separation within the crude argon column.

* Pumping back liquid oxygen from the crude argon column sump into the low-pressure column. Removal of the remaining nitrogen in the pure argon column.


Source: Linde

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